BCD Ltd. is engaged in manufacturing of electronic components. During the audit of financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2025, the…

CA Intermediate · Auditing and Ethics · MTP · September 2026
BCD Ltd. is engaged in manufacturing of electronic components. During the audit of financial statements for the year ended 31st March 2025, the auditor assessed the risk of material misstatement at the assertion level for revenue and inventory balances. While designing further audit procedures, the auditor considered whether to perform tests of details, substantive analytical procedures, or a combination of both. The auditor noted that reliable industry data was available and the relationship between sales volume and revenue had historically been predictable. However, certain unusual fluctuations were also observed during the current year. Accordingly, the auditor exercised professional judgment while deciding the nature of substantive procedures to be performed to reduce audit risk at the assertion level to an acceptably low level. Which of the following statements correctly explains the basis for the auditor's decision regarding substantive procedures?
(A) (a) Substantive analytical procedures must always be used instead of tests of details where reliable industry data is available.
(B) (b) The auditor decides whether to use tests of details, substantive analytical procedures, or a combination of both based on professional judgment regarding their expected effectiveness and efficiency in reducing audit risk at the assertion level to an acceptably low level.
(C) (c) Substantive analytical procedures can only be used when control risk is assessed as low.
(D) (d) Tests of details are mandatory for all material account balances irrespective of the auditor's judgment.

Suggested Answer and Working Notes:

Correct Answer: Option (B)

(b) The auditor decides whether to use tests of details, substantive analytical procedures, or a combination of both based on professional judgment regarding their expected effectiveness and efficiency in reducing audit risk at the assertion level to an acceptably low level.

Topics: Audit Evidence, Risk Assessment and Internal Control

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