Novus Labs LLP was formed in 2019 by three practising technologists, Asha (designated partner no.1), Rohan (designated partner no. 2) and Mira…

CA Intermediate · Corporate and Other Laws · PYQS · January 2026
Novus Labs LLP was formed in 2019 by three practising technologists, Asha (designated partner no.1), Rohan (designated partner no. 2) and Mira (partner). In 2024 Novus decided to convert into a private limited company to raise institutional capital and to offer stock options to employees. The LLP completed conversion formalities and on 10th October 2024, Novus Labs Pvt. Ltd. (the Company) was incorporated; Asha (who had acted as the LLP's designated partner and had been the compliance lead) became Managing Director and retained 60% of equity, Rohan became a non-executive director and Mira took 10% equity, while the balance was allotted to two angel investors. Within the same financial year, Novus Labs Pvt. Ltd. planned two fund-raising steps. First, on 20th November 2024 the Board approved a private placement offer to identified investors aggregating to 205 persons (the invitations included 5 Qualified Institutional Buyers and 10 employee to be issued under the employee stock option scheme). The Board relied on the fact that these investors were known to the company and treated the issue as a private placement. Second, in March 2025, the company proposed a rights issue to raise further working capital (i.e. 1 right equity share for every 2 equity shares held) and sent the notice of offer to shareholders only two days prior to opening the issue. Ninety-four percent (94%) of the members had earlier given written consent via email that the company may adopt a short notice period. During the private placement process some foreign subscribers were nationals of a neighbouring country that shares a land border with India; the company's secretarial team received queries whether any additional Government approvals under FEMA were required. Meanwhile Asha (Now MD) received a notice from an investor alleging non-compliance with procedural formalities for private placement and warning of
(A) (A) The issue will be deemed to be a public offer (and Sections 23-41 will apply) because the total number of invitees (205) exceeds 200, so Section 42 is violated.
(B) (B) The company need not file any return of allotment (Form PAS-3) for private placement issues and hence has no filing exposure.
(C) (C) Even if excluded, because any single allotment to more than 180 persons is prohibited, the issue is invalid and the entire subscription must be refunded.
(D) (D) The issue will not be deemed a public offer because QIBs and employees under an ESOP are excluded while computing the 200-person threshold; after excluding them the count is 190 (< 200), so it remains a valid private placement subject to other procedural compliances.

Suggested Answer and Working Notes:

Correct Answer: Option (D)

(D) The issue will not be deemed a public offer because QIBs and employees under an ESOP are excluded while computing the 200-person threshold; after excluding them the count is 190 (< 200), so it remains a valid private placement subject to other procedural compliances.

Topics: The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, The General Clauses Act, 1897

Open in Interactive Practice Hub · Full Practice Hub · Chapter Weightage · More in this subject

Related Questions in this Topic