Explain in brief with reference to the provisions of the Indian Contract Act, 1872 the rights enjoyed by Surety against the Creditor, the Principal…

When there is a dispute between citizens or between citizens and the Government, these disputes are resolved by the judiciary. The functions of judiciary system of India are: Regulation of the interpretation of the Acts and Codes,Dispute Resolution,Promotion of fairness among the citizens of the land. In the hierarchy of courts, the Supreme Court is at the top, followed by the High Courts and District Courts. Decisions of a High Court are binding in the respective state but are only persuasive in other states. Decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all High Courts under Article141of the Indian Constitution. In fact, a Supreme Court decision is the final word on the matter. (i) Supreme Court The Supreme Court is the apex body of the judiciary. The Chief Justice of India is the highest authority appointed under Article - 126. The principal bench of the Supreme Court consists of seven members including the Chief Justice of India. (ii) High Court The highest court of appeal in each state and union territory is the High Court. Article214of the Indian Constitution states that there must be a High Court in each state. The High Court has appellant, original jurisdiction, and Supervisory jurisdiction. However, Article227of the Indian Constitution limits a High Court’s supervisory power. (iii) District Court Below the High Courts are the District Courts. The Courts of District Judge deal with Civil law matters i.e. contractual disputes and claims for damages etc., The Courts of Sessions deals with Criminal matters. Under pecuniary jurisdiction, a civil judge can try suits valuing not more than Rupees two crore. (iv) Metropolitan courts Metropolitan courts are established in metropolitan cities in consultation with the High Court where the population is ten lakh or more. Chief Metropolitan Magistrate has powers as Chief Judicial Magistrate and Metropolitan Magistrate has powers as the Court of a Magistrate of the first class.